Drawing mechanism for textile machines



April 1957 R. BALMES SOLANAS 2,787,025

DRAWING MECHANISM FOR TEXTILE MACHINES Filed Sept. 22, 1952 2 Sheet s 5 1 April 2, 1957 R. BALMES SOLANAS 2,787,025

' DRAWING MECHANISM FOR TEXTILE MACHINES Filed Sept. 22, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent DRAWING MECHANISM FOR TEXTILE MACHINES Ramn Balrnes Solanas, Santa Coloma de Carve-do, fipaiu Application September 22, 1952, Serial No. 310,372

Claimspriority, application Spain September 29, 1951 11 Claims. (Cl.19-135) In the case of drawing systems for textile fibres in spinning machines and also in those machines of a preparatory nature termed drawing frames and flyer frames, several pairs of cylinders or rollers are provided in succession and traveling at different speeds.

The function of these members is to so attenuate'the slivers of fibres that when they arrive at the spinning machines proper they are of the required thickness for obtaining the threads. The latter are obtained in the spinning machines where the slivers of fibres or rovings are thinned down by said successive pairs of rollers or combinations with rollers and sleevesprovided with progressive speeds until they are transformed into threads, assuming its final form and consistency through the action of other members separate from the drawing rollers and applying twist or torsion to the drawn out fibres. In order to make the abovementioned stretching or drawing possible, the upper rollers of each pair of rollers have to press with a certain amount of force on the slivers or rovings passing between them and the lower rollers so that they are retarded or held back at each pair of rollers, the drawing or lengthening process being obtained through the progressive speeds of each pair of rollers.

For the foregoing reasons, spinning machines and most of the preparatory machines are provided in general with rows of bottom rollers generally of metal and with longitudinal flutes or striations, these rollers being almost the same length as the machine itself and being driven atone end of the machine and interconnected by means of gears to obtain the progressive speeds and the varying intensity of draw.

Located above these lower rollers and bearing on them andall or part of them being under pressure are a number of rollers whose lengths are limited so as to take in only from two to four slivers or rovings.

Incertain cases, one or several of the upper or lower rollers may actuate endless bands which rotate and may or may not be subjected to pressure.

The rows or" lower rollers are supported and rotate in bearings rigidly secured to the frame of the machine while the upper rollers of much shorter length are supported and revolve on the lower rollers. So as to guide and fix the position of these top rollers, parts are pro vided secured to bars which are situated in the rear and parallel to the rollers and stretching from said bars are a number of supports "or extensions transverse to the rollers and situated above the rollers. These extensions are provided with open supportsreceiving and serving as a guide for the end journals of the top rollers.

In order to impart pressure to the top rollers various types of hooks, levers and counter-weights are generally used and also springs, these transmitting the pressure directly or indirectly to the central region of the rollers.

The pressure may beexerte'd on all of the top rollers or on only a part of them as in some cases, some of the rollers may impart the pressurernerelythrough their own weight.

The general tendency of providing spinning and preparing machines with devices for allowing much greater drafts to be obtained than normally has led to complications of the mechanisms used, increasing the number of pressure rollers, forced pressure being generally required on one, two, three and sometimes morerollers. With such systems it becomes necessary to be able to vaiy'the separation between the various pairs of rollers and also to vary the pressure on the top rollers.

This gives rise to an excessive number of mechanisms and complicated systems with all the drawbacks associated therewith, lack of precision, dificulty of setting and increased responsibilities for the operator and moreover dithculties in cleaning and lubricating. For example, when the trains of rollers haveto be cleaned, this operation being one which is frequently necessary, the work involved for the personnel is considerable so that the machine is out of use for lengthy periods.

Another'drawback is that the system does not have the requisite precision for maintaining perfect parallelism between the pressure rollers and with the lower rollers nor for keeping the spacings between the rollers at the correct amount.

It is also import nt to know at any moment the exact amount of pressure each roller has on it and also to be able to adjust this pressure in a simple and exact manner.

As the mechanisms applying the pressure in high draft systems are composed of a number of elements, some of which are situated at the upper part of the pressure rollers and others again between these pressure rollers and the lower rollers while other elements are located at the bottom and as all of these elements have to be connected in some way, re ulating the system gives rise to difiiculty. Biiiiculties are also encountered when dismantling the pressure mechanism and restoring same to the working position. 7

t is necessary to get rid of the disadvantages mentioned in the modern systems for drawing textile fibres. More over, it must be possible to graduate or adjust the pressure on each roller and furthermore, on graduating the pressure on one of these rollers the pressures should be automatically graduated and exact on all. the remaining rollers.

Applicant has come to the conclusion that it would be much more convenient to have all the pressure mechanism at the upper zone of the rollers leaving all the lower part free as well as the spaces between the pairs of rollers, this being the only feasible method of making the manipulation easy and pleasant for the operators.

t is also of advantage to be able to dismantle the front pressure roller without having to dismantle at the same time the rear rollers, thus retaining these latter with their pressure and also when cleaning the drawing device it is important to be able to remove rapidly from its working position all the top rollers together with all the mechanism which produces the pressure.

t is also important that, apart from the front pressure roller and the mechanism which imparts the pressure to it, not only each of the remaining rollers subjected to pressure should be easily dismantlahle but the group comprising all these remaining rollers together with the associat'ed elements which impart the pressure.

Parallelism between the top rollers has to be possible with complete reliability without any attention from the operator.

The mechanism according to the present invention removes all the foregoing disadvantages and enables the advantages mentioned hereinbefore to be obtained and is applicable to all systems of drawing whether these employ rollers or combinations of bands and rollers and immaterially whether these are situated in the same horizontal or inclined plane or in diherent planes or even in a vertical position.

The mechanism is arranged wholly within a zone situated at the upper part of the pressure rollers, thus completely eliminating the existence of elements situated between the pairs of rollers and at the lower part. The pressure is derived from a single resilient metal member also located at the upper part or" the rollers and transmits to each of the upper rollers the required pressure through a combination of elements situated in this upper zone.

The pressure is adjustable so that the resilient member producing it is arranged in such a way that it is easy to increase or reduce the pressure which influences automatically and proportionally all the top rollers which require pressure.

The provision of a single resilient element which communicates proportional pressures to the separate top rollers requiring same makes it easy to know each of these pressures by merely gauging the pressure of the front roller where this operation is very easy.

The top rollers which are subjected to pressure are supported by bearings of preferably inverted V shape rigid with the frame or box of the actual pressure mechanism which defines their position and produces parallelism between them and with the lower rollers, this parallelism being automatically ensured when they commence rotating so that the use of cap bars which are at present employed as supports for the journals of the upper rollers is unnecessary.

The pressure mechanism unit carrying along with it the upper rollers is capable of turning in upward direction about a pair of pivots situated at the rear of the rollers whereby the upper rollers subjected to pressure separate and open in relation to the bottom rollers like the pages of a book.

The whole of the pressure mechanism is securely fixed to the rear end of the large supports termed pedestals which usually support the bottom rollers and the greater part of the mechanism is protected by a box or case forming part of the mechanism and likewise located at the top of the rollers.

The front pressure cylinder together with the element imparting pressure to it and supporting it can be raised from its working position while the remaining rear rollers remain notwithstanding in the correct position and remaining under pressure. In this position it is possible to withdraw, dismantle and restore the front pressure roller and then lower it again until it is resting on its lower fluted or striated roller without disturbing the working of the remaining rollers.

In addition to the fact that an ample turning movement of the entire mechanism is possible about two rear pivots, it can also turn in partial manner about a single one of these pivots so that the part corresponding to the box or case as Well as the resilient element and the part giving pressure and support to the front roller can be completely raised turning about one of the pivots while the remainder of the mechanism or, in other words, the rear rollers together with elements supporting and guiding them, remain free and in working position, and it is easily possible to adjust, if this is suitable, the position of the rollers by slipping the guide pieces along a bar at one of the ends of which is a pivot. This pivot is the second axis of rotation arranged in such a manner that with the elements already mentioned being lifted, it is possible to impart to the remainder of the elements another ample movement of rotation about the second pivot or withdraw from the machine the remaining elements.

On the other hand, the mechanism unit being raised after having undergone an ample movement of rotation upwards, it is possible to give a movement of rotation in the opposite direction to that portion of the mechanism previously mentioned in a partial manner about the second pivot mentioned or turn the entire unit about the two pivots.

The reaction of the whole mechanism when it is subjected to the pressure of the resilient element is taken by a catch which is hinged and secured to the box, this catch acting on the support solidly secured to the pedestal supporting the lower rollers.

Pressure can be applied to the rollers with great case, either to all the rollers or part of them and may be released in the same way and with equal facility either at the front roller only or in all of the rollers at the same time.

With this mechanism it is very easy to withdraw the pressure from all the front rollers of the machine independently of all the rear ones or withdraw the pressure from all the rollers, this operation being carried out in a very short space of time and usually taking place when the machine has to remain inactive for some time.

The top rollers which are not under pressure or act through their own weight may be withdrawn easily from the machine since those members applying the pressure to the other rollers provide by their arrangement enough room to be able to withdraw them from their working position in spite of the fact that all the pressure mechanism is in use.

The mechanism which is the object of the invention will be better understood with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a view of the mechanism in cross-section.

Figures 2 and 3 also represent cross-sectional views of two modifications of the embodiment of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a view looking down on the machine.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken through a bearing showing the attachment of a spring thereto illustrating a detail.

In order to facilitate an understanding of the inven tion, by rollers is to be understood any revolving surface acting on the fibres forming the sliver or roving to be drawn, whether these be smooth or striated, of metal or covered with some substance such as cork, leather, nibber, etc., or rollers surrounded by bands and such that the inside perimeter of these is greater than the outer perimeter of the lower roller giving them motion.

The mechanism according to the invention is applied to a continuous spinning machine using rollers although it may be applied both to self-acting mules as well as to fiyer frames and also whether the drawing system uses rollers or whether it uses combinations of bands and rollers.

Figure 1 shows the bottom metal rollers 1, 2, 3 and 4 having approximately the same length as the machine and rotating in the direction of the arrows at progressive speeds starting from the rear one 4. The actuation of these bottom rollers is obtained in the usual way by means of gear wheels arranged at one end of the machine. The lower rollers 1, 2, 3, and 4 are mounted in the supports 75 upon a support 17 and are adjustable lengthwise of the machine. The supports 75 are locked in position by the locking bolts 76.

The top front roller is designated in the drawings by the reference number 5 and the second roller by 6, the latter not being under forced pressure in this case but acting through its own weight. The rear pressure rollers are indicated by the numerals 7 and 8. The rollers 5, '7 and 3 are guided by the bearings 9, 10 and t1 embracing them at their central portion and at this part the diameter is smaller than the external diameter of the actual rollers. The acting surfaces of these bearings are in the form of an inverted V so as to reliably provide the central journals of the pressure rollers with parallelism between each other and with the corresponding bottom rollers, this being ensured since these bearings are fixed and guided between the inside lateral walls of the box 23. The perfect working of each upper roller with its corresponding lower roller being ensured at every moment lack of parallelism is completely excluded during the working of the machine. The free pressure roller 6 possesseswin the usual way a journal 12 at each end of re- .duced size and issupportedby theusual type of cap bar support not shown in the draw As indicated in the drawing, the mechanism is in the normal working position, the whole unit bearing on the bar or shaft 21 which is parallel with the rollers. This baris rigidly secured at its ends to the supports 19 by means of screw pins or other suitable means and these supports are secured in their turn to the large supports .or pedestals 17 Since the pedestals .17 are usually distributed along theentire length ofthe machine at intervals, at each six, eight or more threads or slivers, the bars 21 are preferably of such a length that they include the same number of threads or slivers comprised between each two successive pedestals and hence, each of these bars will suffice [for the number of slivers mentioned.

Also fixedto the bar 21 are a number of solid parts 26 so that the unit composed of bar 21, supports 19, parts 26 and pedestals 17 occupy a rigid and invariable position so as to be able to take up the forces which will be referred to hereinafter.

Each draw train or set of rollers 5, 6, 7 and 8 cmbraces two or more rovings or slivers of fibres and for each group of rollers a single piece 26 is provided. Consequently, if in a continuous spinning machine between each two successive pedestals eight rovings or threads are working and each set of rollers 5, 6, 7 and 8 is working on two of these rovings, four sets of top rollers or draw trains will be needed and since to each of these sets of rollers there is only a single support 26, it will also be necessary to have four supports distributed regularly in the space comprised between two successive pedestals.

Fixed to each of the supports 26 are pieces 43 having a hook or fork shape in which are lodged pins 13 in a horizontal position, these pins being rigidly secured to a bar 14 which in its working position is situated approximately parallel to the imaginary plane which would be tangent to the upper surfaces of the pressure rollers.

The bar 14 is terminated at the opposite end to the .pin 13 with an inclined flat part 15.

The bar 14 supports the bearings 10, 11 and these parts may be made to slide along the whole length of the bar and may be secured as desired in the best position by means .of small screws or other suitable means.

The bearings 1t 11 as well as the bearing 9 embrace the central parts of the pressure rollers and are provided with springs 16 on the inside forming forks, these springs owing to their form allowing the central reduced part of the top rollers to be introduced by hand into the lower part as the ends of the springs when therollers are introduced distend or spread out and then recover their position preventing the rollers from dropping out, as the distance between the ends of the forks is less than the diameter of the zone which is being embraced. In this manner, if the mechanism unitis lifted for any reason the top rollers remain in position in the inside of their respective bearings. The springs 16 are secured to the inside of the bearings 9, it) and 11 as shown in Figure 5 by screws 74 or in any other desired manner.

The inside of the bearings iii, 11 and 9 is preferably provided with inclined surfaces 18 for the bearing zone to force the rollers to stay parallel to each other.

.Each of the supports 25 is encased at the sides and :at the top with a casing or box part 23, the support being fitted inside the rear rim of the casing.

The casing 23 is traversed by the bar 21 and since it is located above the pressure rollers it is able to turn about the bar in upward direction forming a wide angle with the plane of the lower fluted rollers. The casing 23 which extends from thepart where it is articulated with the bar 21 to the front upper part of the pressure roller or front pressure roller is preferably of a uniform width .and in addition to embracing the parts 26, it embraces,

secures and com'prisesfbetween its longitudinal inner walls the beariugsltl, 11 and possibly also 9.

The casing 23 which is open underneath over almost its entire length is traversed by a pivot or pin 24 on which is hinged the catch 25. Another pin 27 likewise passes through the casing 23 and is supported therein, this pin acting as a pivotlfor a lever composed of one or more metal laminations forming the spring 28. These laminationsiconstitute'the resilient element which is to transmitthe pressure to the various upper rollers. The resilient element is located in a plane above that of 'the pressure rollers and which is parallel or approximately parallel to the plane of the rollers and it is enclosed within the casing. 23.

Another pivot pin 29 passing through the casing allows the oscillation of aframe member 30 the lower side of which is situated beneath and slightly away from theend .15 of the longitudinal bar 14.

Another pivot 31 in the casing allows the rocking of the catch member 32.

When the mechanism isin working condition oras shown in the drawing, the lower end of the catch 25 is in contact with the side 33 of the part 26.

A graduating or adjusting element 34 allows pressure to be exerted to a greater or lesser degree on the portion of the lever or resilient element 28 comprised be tween 34 and the pivot point 27 and, due to the clasticity of the spring 28 a downward pressure is created at theend opposite to the adjusting element or at pin 35 located in an intermediate zoning of a lever 36 and this lever which is also enclosed Within the casing 23 and traverses the frame element 3%) over the tops of the rollers transmits the pressure exerted on the pivot 35 at one of its ends to the front upper roller 5 and, at the opposite end bymeans of a sliding element, preferably a roller 37, the position of which may vary at will, it transmits the pressure to the bar 14.

The pressure which the roller 37 exerts on the bar 14 is transmitted to each of the rollers 7, 3 with an in tensity which depends in this region on the position of the roller at the end of the lever 36 and on the position of the bearings 10 and 11.

In this manner it is possible to transmit the pressure exerted by the resilient member 28 to all the rollers requiring forced pressure.

The reaction of all these pressures acts through the casing 23 and the catch 25 against the wall 33 of the rigid support 26.

If the front roller 5 is taken as a reference it is possible to vary the amount of pressure thereon by tightening more or less the adjusting screw 34 and ascertain this pressure by measuring it with a balance or suit-able apparatus, raising the front arm of the lever 36 therewith. By varying the position of the bearings 10 and 11 it will be possible to graduate the pressure required on the rollers 7, 8 and it is also possible to shift the roller 37 into different positions at the right-hand end of the lever 36. One or more notches 38 may be provided at this end to allow the roller 37 to occupy different positions. A spring 39 or other element will prevent the roller 37 from falling out.

The bar 14 may be engraved with a suitable scale of units and by referring to any suitable point on the bearings it will be possible to ascertain by .merely looking at the scale the distance between the axes of the rollers 7 and 8.

In order to secure and adjust the position of the front roller 5 and together with it of the whole mechanism unit, the rear support 19 can be slid to the left and right over the surface of the pedestal 17 and the unit can then be secured in position by means of a screw 20. If when carrying out this operation, the rear rollers come out .of their correct position,they can easily be adjusted back again by sliding the bearings 10 and 11.

The frontroller S can be lifted up when the mechanism is being used or otherwise by pulling up the end 40 of the lever 36 by hand and on effecting this operation the pin 41 fixed to the lever will slide along the inclined surface of the catch 32, the latter being obliged to rotate slightly to the right about the pin 31, until on the pin encountering the free portion of the catch, a spring 42 fixed to the catch and bearing against the wall of the casing 23 will cause the catch to rotate in the other direction, pin 41 being held and there being supported with it in the raised position the end 40 and the roller 5.

Provision is made for the retention of the pin 41 and the lifting motion of the roller is wide enough to dismantle or remove the said roller from its position for cleaning, inspection or replacing.

When this motion is carried out, the pressure received by the lever 36 will be supported at the front end by the catch 32 and at the rear end by the bar 14 and consequently it has been possible to remove the pressure from the roller while at the same time maintaining pressure on the rollers 7 and 8, this being important in order that the drawing action can continue taking place between the pairs of rollers 3, 7 and 4, 8, this operation having been effected without any movement of the casing 23 and the reaction continuing to be taken up by the wall 33 of the support 26.

The roller 5 can easily be put back into its working position by exciting pressure by hand on the projection 44 which is connected with the catch 32 since through this operation the hook for the catch frees the pin 41, the lever 36 dropping at once owing to the action of the spring element 28.

When the entire unit is to be raised, that is to say: the casing 23, pressure rollers and the levers for transmitting the pressure, the catch 25 is raised by exerting a slight pressure by hand on the projection 45, this operation bringing it out of contact with the wall 33 and the expansion of the resilient element 28 will automatically open the unit slightly, the movement taking place about the pivots 21 and 13. This movement may be increased by lifting up the end 40 by hand to the required amount and according to the invention provision is made for this to be above 90". During the turning the rear end of the catch 25 is able to slide over the outer surface of the part 26 until it enters the notch 46, the whole of the mechanism which has been turned then being in a stable position. If the entire unit is to be turned still further, pressure can be exerted again on the element 45 causing the catch to come out of the notch 46 whereupon the unit can be moved round further to the right.

When the movement which has just been described is required, the bottom edge 47 of the frame member 30 raises the end 15 of the bar 14, this being made possible through the turning of the bar about the pivot pin 13. With the bar 14 the rollers 7 and 8 are also raised, these latter being acted on by the bearings 10, 1'1 assisted by the springs 16 of fork shape.

If the rollers 7, 8 have to remain in their working position when the casing 23 together with the lever 36 and the roller 5 are being raised, all that is necessary to efiect this is to rock the frame 30 slightly to the left at the start of the motion so that the lower edge of this frame part is clear of the end 15 of the bar 14. In this way, as there is no member acting on the bar 14 it is left in position. This possibility is particularly useful when for any reason it becomes necessary to modify the position of the rollers 7, 8. Since the bearings and the adjustment elements are then completely clear and open, the operation is easy.

Moreover, in the last mentioned position of the mechanism it will be very easy to completely withdraw from the unit the bar 14, bearings and rollers 7 and 8 owing to the presence of the opening in the support 43. This is particularly valuable for the purpose of inspection,

repairs, cleaning or adjusting the distances between the rollers or merely for changing some of the parts, none of the remaining members having to be dismantled and no tools being required.

If, when the casing is raised up completely together with all the elments connected or hinged thereto and the rollers 7 and 8 together with the bearings and the longitudinal bar are in their original working position, the casing is turned back into the working position, the lower wall part of the frame member 30 comes into contact with the inclined portion 15 and slides over it and then the frame member either by its own weight or a spring 48 reassumes its former position as soon as it passes the bottom of the inclined portion so that it is now automatically in a position for lifting the bar 14 if this should be necessary by merely rasing the casing 23 once again.

When the casing 23 is again lowered completely into the working position it normally occupies, it will be necessary for the pressure to be exerted again on all the rollers, to press by hand on the front upper end of the casing until the catch 25 once more enters the notch with wall 33, the latter part as previously mentioned being the part which takes the reaction. To do this however, it will be first of all necessary to press on the projection 45 to release the catch 25 from the notch 46.

All these operations can be effected easily without tools of any kind immaterially whether the machine is in or out of operation.

The lower part of the lever 36 between the roller 5 and the frame 30 is high enough for the free roller 6 to be removable without difliculty from the mechanism with all the mechanism in position, this being so even when the machine is working.

With the adjusting element 34 it is easily possible to increase, diminish and also to completely nullify the pressure on the rollers and the increase or reduction of pressure will always be proportional on all the rollers since, by acting on 34 no variation takes place either in the position or the lever arms of elements 36 and 14.

In analogous manner to the arrangement described of this mechanism it would be easily possible to provide several successive sets of rollers 37 and bars 14 and bearings 10, 11 and with these working under similar conditions, it would easily be possible to impart pressure to other pairs of rollers situated beyond the pairs 3, 7 and 4, 8 mentioned.

When the whole of the mechanism has been opened out to an adequate width by means of the rotary motion about the pivots 21 and 13 it will be very easy, similarly to the case described for roller 5, to withdraw the rollers 7 and 8 from their positions in the bearings 10, 11 and either return them again or replace them with other rollers, the journals of the rollers being introduced between the arms of the springs of fork shape in which are lodged the bearings.

In the plan view which is represented in Figure 4 the bottom rollers are designated by the numerals 1, 2, 3 and 4, the upper rollers by 5, 6, 7 and 8, and the fixed bar or shaft by 21, while the pivot 13 is indicated by broken lines, the casing by 23, the supports by 19, pedestals by 17, the projections for the front and rear catches being shown by numerals 44 and 45 respec tively.

Figure 2 shows a modification of the embodiment hereinbefore described.

The difierence between this embodiment and that described in the first place consists solely in the type of resilient metal element used for imparting the pressure and in the device for transmitting this pressure to the lever 36.

In this second mechanism the resilient element consists of a helical spring 49 contained inside a frame 50 fixed to the casing 23 by means of a cross pin 51 so that all these elements are located in a zone above the pairs of draw rollers.

An adjustment or graduating e1emeut.52 which may in this case be in the form of a screw-threaded plug fits into the element 50 and serves for compressing to a greater or lesser degree the helical spring 49. The compression of this spring acts on a piston 53 connected to a rod 54 passing through the interior of the spring in the longitudinal sense and also throughthe plug 52 .transmitting the force of the resilient element to the pin 55 in the direction indicated by the arrow 59.

A special lever 56, 58 is pivoted on pin 57 which passes through the casing and is fixed thereto. One of the ends of this special lever is connected to the end of the rod 54 by the pin 55, the latterbeing rigid with the end of the rod 54, the end of the special lever 56, 58 being hingedly connected with it. It is also possible to make the pin 55 rigid with the end of the special lever and to hingedly connect the end of the rod 54 with it.

The other end of the lever 56, 58 is hingedly connected to lever 36 by means of a pivot pin 35.

By means of such an arrangement it is easily possible by means of the combination of rod 54, bell-crank lever 56, 58 and the pivots mentioned to transmit the force of. the helical spring to the pivot 35, this force being manifested in a vertical direction and thereby obtain exactly as described with reference to Figure l the pressure on all the top rollers by means of the elements also described with reference to Figure l and which are exactly the same as those used in Figure 2.

Since the pressure which is imparted to the spring 49 can be graduated or adjusted by means of the element 52, it is therefore possible to adjust at any moment the pressure produced on the pressure rollers and any variation in pressure which may be imparted to the spring will be distributed proportionally to all the top rollers.

Exactly the same advantages are obtained with this mechanism as described for the mechanism of Figure 1.

It may be an advantage in certain cases for the free roller 6 to be carried along also when the mechanism is turned upwards. A support 63 is provided for this purpose connected with the casing 23, this support embracing the roller 6 either at the middle part or at its ends and being able to support and raise it.

Figure 3 describes another modification of the mechanism described in connection with Figure 1.

The diiference between this form and that previously described consists in the provision of a lever 60 located inside the casing 23 and thus in a zone which is above the pairs of draw rollers. The lever is supported and pivoted on the pin 61 passing through the casing 23.

One end of the lever 60 is pivoted on the pin 35 passing through the lever 36 and at the other end of the lever 60 situated at the rear of the mechanism an upward pressure may be exerted in the direction of the arrow 62 by any suitable means, either by means of springs or compressed air, oil pump, hydraulic pressure and the like.

The pressure exerted by any of these methods to the rear end of the lever 60 in the direction of arrow 62 will be transmitted by the other end of said lever by means of the pivot 35 in vertical direction to the two ends of the lever 36 and hence to all the top rollers.

All the advantages obtained with mechanism described in Figure 1 will also be obtained with this form of the arrangement.

In certain cases it may be an advantage for the free pressure roller 6 to be carried along also when the whole or part of the mechanism is rotated upward and for-efiec'b ing this a support 63 is provided connected with the lever 36. This support which embraces the roller 6 either at its middle portion or at its ends is able to lift the roller and raise it when the lever 36 and together with it the front pressure roller is lifted.

I claim:

1. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon :said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, and means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said pressure arm being made in U-section and having side walls extending downwardly at the rear end of said arm so that said arm is coupled onto said rear bar in combination with a part fixed solidly onto said rear bar and filling the space between the two side walls of the pressure arm, said part serving not only to guide the swinging movement of the arm on the rear bar but also as a support for other parts of the mechanism.

2. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, a support part fixed to said rear bar, a fork upon said support part that serves as a bearing, and a rod parallel to said pressure arm swingable in said bearing, said rod carrying on its under face bearings for the upper rollers of the rear pair of rollers of the drawing mechanism.

3. improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers comprising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said adjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forming a pressure saddle biased by said spring, said lever bearing at one end on the front pair ofrollers and at the other end on the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers.

4. improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers com prising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, a

pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means:

cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said adjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forminga pressure saddle biased by said spring, said lever bearing at one end on the front pair of rollers and at the other end on the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers, said spring being a blade spring which can tilt around an intermediate point, its rear end being provided with an ad justment screw that allows adjusting the fixing point of this end, thus varying the strength of the spring.

5. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers cornprising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, a. pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said. drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, saidadjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forming a pressure saddle biased by said spring, said lever bearing at one end on'the front pair of rollers and at the other end on the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers, said spring being a helicoidal spring lodged in a casing pivoted at its rear end-to said arm, and a rod and a bell;

crank lever cooperating with said spring to transmit pressure to said lever that acts on the rollers.

6. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers comprising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said adjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forming a pres sure saddle biased by said spring, said lever hearing at one end on the front pair of rollers and at the other end on the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers, a support part fixed to said rear bar, a rod pivoted to said support part, bearings being provided on said rod for the upper rollers of the rear pairs of said drawing rollers, and said lever transmitting pressure to said rod.

7. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers comprising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, the upper rollers thereof having intermediate necks, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said adjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forming a pressure saddle biased by said spring, said lever hearing at one end on the front pair of rollers and at the other end on the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers, 21 support part fixed to said rear bar, a rod pivoted to said support part, bearings being provided on said rod for the upper rollers of the rear pairs of said drawing rollers, and said lever transmitting pressure to said rod, the bearings of the various upper rollers being made up of pieces open at the lower part, nearly in U-section, which catch in the intermediate necks of the rollers and are provided with spring jaws which grip these rollers by their intermediate necks, so that when said pressure arm is raised, it carries up the upper rollers.

8. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers comprising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said adjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forming a pressure saddle biased by said spring, said lever bearing at one end on the front pair of rollers and at the other end on the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers, said lever for loading the rollers having its 'front end extended so that this end can be lifted without lifting said pressure arm, in combination with a latch for retaining in lifted position this end of said pressure saddle, thus relieving the pressure from the front pair of rollers while the rear pairs remain under pressure.

9. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers comprising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said adjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forming a pressure saddle biased by said spring, said lever hearing at one end on the front pair of rollers and at the other end on the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers, said lever for loading the rollers having its front end extended so that this end can be lifted without lifting said pressure arm, in combination with a latch for retaining in lifted position this end of said pressure saddle, thus relieving the pressure from the front pair of rollers while the rear pairs remain under pressure, a bearing being provided for the front upper roller arranged so that when said pressure saddle is retained in a lifted position by said latch, the front upper roller can be disengaged with out it being necessary to raise said pressure arm.

10. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers comprising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said adjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forming a pres sure saddle biased by said spring, said lever hearing at one end on the front pair of rollers and at the other end of the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers, said lever for loading the rollers having its front end extended so that this end can be litfed without lifting said pressure arm, in combination with a latch for retaining in lifted position this end of said pressure saddle, thus relieving the pressure from the front pair of rollers while the rear pairs remain under pressure, a bearing being provided for the front upper roller arranged so that when said pressure saddle is retained in a lifted position by said latch, the front upper roller can be disengaged without it being necessary to raise said pressure arm, a swinging rod carrying the bearings of the upper rear rollers being coupled to said pressure arm in such a way that when the arm is raised the said rod is also lifted, but can be uncoupled from the arm at will, thus leaving the rear rollers in the working position, but unloaded.

l1. Improvements in drawing mechanisms of textile machines comprising a rear bar, drawing rollers comprising a front pair of rollers and rear pairs of rollers, a pressure arm rockably mounted upon said rear bar, means on said pressure arm for loading the upper rollers of said drawing rollers comprising an adjustable spring, means cooperating with said spring for transmitting pressure to each of said rollers, means for temporarily removing such pressure from certain of said rollers, said adjustable spring being pivoted on said pressure arm, and said means cooperating with said spring including a lever forming a pressure saddle biased by said spring, said lever hearing at one end on the front pair of rollers and at the other end on the rear pairs of rollers of said drawing rollers, said lever for loading the rollers having its front end extended so that this end can be lifted without lifting said pressure arm, in combination with a latch for retaining in lifted position this end of said pressure saddle, thus relieving the pressure from the front pair of rollers while the rear pairs remain under pressure, a bearing being provided for the front upper roller arranged so that when said pressure saddle is retained in a lifted position by said latch, the front upper roller can be disengaged without it being necessary to raise said pressure arm, a swinging rod carrying the bearings of the upper rear rollers being coupled to said pressure arm in such a way that when the arm is raised the said rod is also lifted, but can be uncoupled from the arm at will, thus leaving the rear rollers in the working position, but unloaded, said rod supporting the bearings of the rear upper rollers being coupled to said pressure arm through a latch acted upon by a spring that retains the end of said 13 rod, said latch being uncoupled by hand in order to lift the pressure arm without lifting the rod with the bearings thereby leaving the rollers unloaded, and then returning to be automatically coupled due to the action of the spring, when the arm goes down.

Toenniessen Dec. 22, 1931 Orrell Jan. 17, 1939 14 Hess July 11, 1944 Denham Nov. 22, 1949 Nalgeli May 23, 1950 Burnham Oct. 10, 1950 Noguera Apr. 10, 1951 Gwaltney et al Aug. 21, 1951 Raible et a1 Apr. 20, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS Belgium Sept. 15, 1951 Great Britain Aug. 9, 1950 

